Guided Question: How did the government emerge and what conditions led to its implementation?
Thesis: Rights for electoral votes and freedom of individuals in early-nineteenth-century Great Britain are frequently regarded unrighteous due the mass criticism of the electoral system which was meant to be limited to only top five percent of the selected nobles; the government body had gone through significant changes in its legislature system.
Guided Question: What social, political, and economic events (internal and external) shaped the activities of the government.
Thesis: Most notable moves of the government had complex relationship, underlying of power over power, with the wealth and authorities that belonged to small group of high-ranked nobles; the opposing government party and the body of states of the Act of Reform created an enormous impact on the decision and actions (leading to prolonged consequences) of the government as well as the royal family.
The Great Britain in 1832 went through one of the most significant electoral changes in the history. The introduction for the widen scope of the whole electoral system of England and Wales took place in the midst of the calls and response to many years people had been striving for justice in equality of every society to perform justice electoral vote. The Great Reform Act had shattering effects to the government of the Tory party because it was believed that "unless there is a reform there might be disastrous revolution." There were dominant forces from the Tories, that strongly discouraged the act of reform, in the House of Commons between 1770 and 1830. Great changes come with the spirits of the population; in November 1830, Earl Grey, a Whig, became the Prime Minister. Later, Grey explained to King William the IV that he wanted to introduce potent proposals that would get rid of some of the excessive rotten boroughs, or towns. Lord Grey intentionally persuade William IV to dissolve Parliament so that the Whigs could secure a larger majority in the House of Commons, which once was entirely ruled by the Tories. However, as King William IV dismiss the call of reform, he was losing popularity among the crowd. Eventually William IV agreed to create new Whig peers and subsequently, the House of Lords agreed to pass the Reform Act. So, the path that led to the reform's implementation could not had happened without the support of the monarch family, especially King Williams IV. Rotten boroughs were removed and new towns were given rights to elect new Members of Parliament, even though the body of constituencies were still unequal in size. However, only men who owned property worth at least ten pound-sterling have the right to vote, cutting out most of the working classes and only men who have enough to pay to stand for election could be the Member of Parliament. As a result, only one out of seven adult males had rights to vote and perform free speeches in public. Whereas in suburban and urban 35 constituencies had less than 300 electors, Liverpool had a constituency of over eleven thousands.
Disappointment of many voters due the very less changes in electoral system of the working classes had moved towards new electoral reform in early 1860s by John Russell. Every reformers must had had the biggest challenge of Britain's most powerful politician of Russell's time -- Lord Palmerston who discouraged any form of change. The death of Palmerston in mid-1865 gave opportunity to Russell as he needed as a Prime Minister. As stated in the congress, Lord John Russell declared " I want to give vote the respectable working men." (But the still have excluded unskilled workers and the poor. Eventually, the middle class (outnumbered) would still have had most of the major influences in an election. To that point where impact in an election of the so called top-five-percent nobles was significantly lessened, Liberal Party split into two sides: those who favored Russell's bill as the rights of people move forward and those who were more of the conservative point-of-view unified with the Conservation Party to defeat Russell's bill.
Finally the 1867 Reform Act enfranchised 1.5 million men. All male urban householders and male lodgers paying £10 rent a year for unfurnished accommodation got the right to vote. 52 seats were redistributed from small towns (less than a population of 10,000 such as Chichester, Harwich and Windsor) to the growing industrial towns or countries. Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool and Manchester saw their representation increase from 2 MP’s to 3 MP’s. The University of London was also given a seat due to the support and emphasis on young adult education. The counties of Cheshire, Kent, Norfolk, Somerset, Stafford shire and Surrey were all given 6 MP’s instead of 4. In 1868, Scotland was given seven new MP’s as some new constituencies were created or existing constituencies were expanded. The representation in Ireland remained the same. Wales gained direct changes as England.
Lord John Russell's--Liberal Politician-- speech against the Reform Act
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